I am looking for examples successful or otherwise, where government has used land use rights and or right of way including e.g. utilities and connecting infrastructure as equity contribution in a SPV. What would be the implications? Appreciate it very much.
We are happy to announce that the Municipal Finance and Creditworthiness Academy is about to begin in Washington DC!
The Academy will run from December 5 to December 8 and it's organized in partnership with the Global Platform for Sustainable Cities. The training will provide capacity building to to selected cities, local and central government agencies from all over the world on areas such as financial management, planning and budgeting, own source revenue enhancement and capital investment planning. 25 representatives from 9 countries will participates!
Follow live updates, pictures, clips, quotes, (fun) facts, and (some) serious issues, as they happen at the Academy. Stay tuned!
I recently received an e-mail from a colleague at the the UN's Finance for Development Office alerting me to a NEW publication that the UN is preparing on Subnational Finance in LDC's. The authors would very much like to receive comments on their draft publication from people who are actively engaged in strengthening subnational finance around the globe. It would be great if as many of you in the Community of Practice as possible had a look at the publication and provided your feedback by DECEMBER 16, 2016. Below is the message I received which contains a link to the publication. I'd also be interested to know how many of you found the example in the publication useful in considering your own countries efforts to strengthen subnational finance?
"A couple of weeks ago, UN Member States adopted the New Urban Agenda (NUA) at Habitat III in Quito as the new global framework for sustainable and transformative urban development. In the NUA sub-national and local governments are acknowledged as key players for sustainable development.
However, without adequate municipal finances, local governments especially in the poorest countries will not be able to provide vital public goods and services for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, and the NUA.
As you may know, the Financing for Development Office (UN-DESA) and UNCDF have been working on a joint project on municipal finance in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). In the context of this project, two expert group meetings were organized in Africa and Asia, as well as a series of side events in the context of the FfD follow-up and the Habitat III processes. We are currently working on the final publication of the project, which is scheduled to be published early next year. The publication will include conceptual discussions of the critical pillars of municipal finance, as well as a broad range of data and case studies from LDCs to emphasize good (and bad) experiences and practices. We hope the publication will be beneficial for local and central government officials as well as international aid organizations.
Furthermore, we firmly believe that the publication provides a unique opportunity to strengthen the role of local authorities in the FfD follow-up process.
In particular, we are seeking feedback on any issues we have been missing, any mistakes we made, or additional case studies from LDCs that we should include. We would also like to hear from you your views on the role of international cooperation and the implementation of the respective commitment in paragraph 34 of the Addis Agenda."
PLEASE ALSO SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON THE TOPICS RAISED IN THIS UN PUBLICATION VIA THIS DISCUSSION BOARD. THANKS! I LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING FROM YOU....
I have been reviewing the CITY CREDITWORTHINESS SELF-ASSESSMENT & PLANNING TOOLKIT. In reading some of its action-items, I found that some action items use the expression "proposed capital projects and PPPs" whereas others simply refer to "proposed capital projects." For instance, Action Item 1 for Priority Challenge 19 (PC19-1) initially introduces a dualism between “capital projects” and “PPPs.” However, this dualism is missing in PC19-2, which simply refers to "proposals for capital projects". Does anyone else find this to be confusing?
It is true that two situations can arise. Capital projects are sometimes proposed by the Local Authority (and later delivered internally with public resources or through PPPs that are solicited through RFPs). However, private parties can also propose capital projects as PPPs through unsolicited proposals. Still, they are all "proposed capital projects" (the difference is in who is initiating the proposal public/solicited vs. private/unsolicited) until they are not selected to move forward through the CIP process defined as part of PC19-1. I would prefer the more generic approach followed by PC19-2, which is to define all projects at the onset as proposed capital projects.
August 30, I have revised the draft to reflect comments that I received from Joshua Gallo and John Probyn. Please see the final version here. The revised key take away is below:
Overall annual growth rate of PPP market in developing countries was 10.1%—The PPP market has grown by 10.1% over the last 16 years amounting to $818 billion in investments where the growth in PPP market was driven most by increase investment in the transportation sector followed by the energy sector
Sub-national projects made up 20% of PPP market—Sub-national PPP projects accounted for $163 million of the total PPP investments in developing countries while the national PPP projects made up the rest of the PPP market amounting to $655 billion (80%). The growth rate for national PPP has been relatively steady while sub-national grew unevenly year-on-year.
East Asia Pacific (EAP) region had the largest share of the sub-national PPP market while it lagged behind Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region in the national PPP market—EAP region had 39% of annual sub-national PPP market followed by LAC region with 31%, South Asia Region (SAR) with 19%, Europe and Central Asia (ECA) with 7%, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with 3% and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) with 1%. But LAC had much larger share of the national PPP market with 45% of followed by EAP with 19%.
Transportation sector dominated the sub-national PPP market while energy sector dominated the national PPP market—Transportation sector made up 62% of annual average investment in the sub-national PPP market, water and sewerage sector made 20%, and energy made up 18%. Energy sector contributed to 55% of national PPP investment volume followed by 43% of the transport sector.
Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) accounted for 83% of sub-national PPP market and drove majority of its growth—The investment in each region has been primarily driven by one major country, namely, China in EAP, Brazil in LAC, India in SAR, Russia in ECA, South Africa in SSA, Morocco in MENA. The BRIC countries accounted for $8.3 billion or 83% in average sub-national PPP investment annually over the last 16 years.
Build, operation and transfer (BOT) is the most used contract type for sub-national projects among BRIC countries while BROT was most used for national projects—BOT were used for $77 billion (58%) of sub-national investment in BRIC countries and followed by $43 billion (32%) of build, rehabilitate, operate and transfer (BROT) contracts. For national projects in BRIC countries, $120 billion (43%) were BROT projects and $89 billion (32%) were BOT projects.
August 24: I have posted the draft report and summary of the main take-away under the Analysis section in bold. Please leave your comments and suggestions. Thank you.
Dear community members,
My name is Yao. I am a summer research analyst at the World Bank. I am doing a research project on sub-national public-private partnership projects to gauge its market size and market trends. I will use this discussion board to seek comments regarding the research and share the findings and any literatures that might be of interest to the community.
Research
The focus of the research is to generate a list of sub-national PPP projects and create a sub-national PPP Projects factsheet.
Data
The most challenging task of the project was to obtain solid dataset on PPP projects at sub-national level. After looking around for readily available data on the subject without any success, I used the Private Participation in Infrastructure Database as an base and isolated sub-national projects based on the following criteria:
Keep those transactions that are labeled as local/municipal and state/provincial under the “GovtGrantingContract” between 2000 and 2015
Eliminate any transactions that are labeled as “divesture" and "merchant"
I did a sampling study of those transactions generated in 1.a. to make sure that the projects are indeed sub-national PPP projects. Out of the 90 transactions sampled, 73% were sub-national and 27% were not sub-national. Of those transactions that are not sub-national, majority of them are private transactions in the India power generation sector due to the free market nature of the electricity generation sector in India. If I took these transactions out, the sub-national projects reached 85% of the sample. Thus, I concluded that the PPI database is a good data source on sub-national projects by eliminating electricity generation segment for India on top of the sorting method in I.a.
The full dataset and result can be found under these two links Dataset and Survey Result
I want to share the filtering criteria and result of the sample study with the community to see if there is any comment on the approach or even alternative to obtain similar data
Analysis
I have drafted the report on the subject. I am seeking comments from the communities. Any comments on the draft would be help. Please click here for the draft. Thank you.
The key take away is the following
Overall compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of PPP market in developing countries is 10.1%—The PPP market has grown by 10.1% over the last 16 years amounting to $818 billion in investments where the growth in PPP market was driven most by increase investment in the transportation sector followed by the energy sector
Sub-national projects made up 20% of PPP market—Sub-national PPP projects accounted for $163 million of the total PPP investments in developing countries while the national PPP projects made up the rest of the PPP market amounting for $655 billion (80%). The growth rate for national PPP has been relatively steady while sub-national grew unevenly year-on-year.
East Asia Pacific (EAP) region had the largest share of the sub-national PPP market-- EAP region had 39% of annual sub-national PPP market followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region with 31%, South Asia Region (SAR) with 19%, Europe and Central Asia (ECA) with 7%, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with 3% and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) with 1%.
Transportation sector dominated the sub-national PPP market—Transportation sector made up 62% of annual average investment in the sub-national PPP market, water and sewerage sector made 20%, and energy made up 18%.
BRIC accounted for 83% of sub-national PPP market and drove majority of its growth—The investment in each region has been primarily driven by one major country, namely, China in EAP, Brazil in LAC, India in SAR, Russia in ECA, South Africa in SSA, Morocco in MENA. The BRIC countries accounted for $8.3 billion or 83% in average sub-national PPP investment annually over the last 16 years.
Build, operation and transfer (BOT) is the most used contract type among BRIC countries—BOT were used for $77 billion (58%) of sub-national investment in BRIC countries followed by $43 billion (32%) of build, rehabilitate, operate and transfer (BROT) contracts.
Literature
Most of the literature that I have read so far are either country specific or sector specific. I have not seen any writing on public-private partnership at sub-national level. I post those literature such as PPP policy framework and PPP development of a particular sector below. Hopefully, those resources would be useful to others in the group. I also hope the group can share any literature on subject as well.
PPP Policy Framework by country
Indonesia—Public-Private Partnership Governance: Policy, Process and Structure
Honduras—Fiscal Implication of Public Private Partnership in Honduras
I am working to develop and implement tools that integrate climate change and disaster resilience into municipal decisions, infrastructure planning in particular. One of the challenges I see is the variation in data availability and integration of projected impacts into planning decisions (e.g. flooding, urban heat island, drought, etc.). Before any implementation measures can be developed, the data challenge must be addressed. Data needs must balance an evaluation of the resolution needed for planning decisions and readily available local biophysical and urban characteristics (topography, rain gage data, vegetation, population projections, building footprint, etc.) These data are as important as the availability of regionally-specific climate change impact projection (sea level rise, temperature, precipitation, etc.).
There are potential solutions to these challenges, but it seems that they must be tailored based on context. I would like to discuss with any of you interested in this topic or who may have ideas or questions. I would like to work towards development of approaches that allow for implementation anywhere.
Discussion
Land as government equity in a PPP
I am looking for examples successful or otherwise, where government has used land use rights and or right of way including e.g. utilities and connecting infrastructure as equity contribution in a SPV. What would be the implications? Appreciate it very much.
Welcome to join our Blockchain for Sustainable Development Global Roundtable Jan.7, 2017 Washington DC
Dear Friends,
Welcome to join our Blockchain for Sustainable Development Global Roundtable Jan.7, 2017 Washington DC
BTW, Xiaochen was interviewedby CCTV on China’s innovation process. Here is a clip:
Xiaochen Zhang on China's innovation progress - Y...
www.fintech4good.co
Xiaochen
Municipal Finance and Creditworthiness Academy - Washington DC - Live Posting
We are happy to announce that the Municipal Finance and Creditworthiness Academy is about to begin in Washington DC!
The Academy will run from December 5 to December 8 and it's organized in partnership with the Global Platform for Sustainable Cities. The training will provide capacity building to to selected cities, local and central government agencies from all over the world on areas such as financial management, planning and budgeting, own source revenue enhancement and capital investment planning. 25 representatives from 9 countries will participates!
Follow live updates, pictures, clips, quotes, (fun) facts, and (some) serious issues, as they happen at the Academy. Stay tuned!
Please click HERE to check the Program Agenda
UN Publication "Strengthening Subnational Finance in LDC's" Open for Comments
I recently received an e-mail from a colleague at the the UN's Finance for Development Office alerting me to a NEW publication that the UN is preparing on Subnational Finance in LDC's. The authors would very much like to receive comments on their draft publication from people who are actively engaged in strengthening subnational finance around the globe. It would be great if as many of you in the Community of Practice as possible had a look at the publication and provided your feedback by DECEMBER 16, 2016. Below is the message I received which contains a link to the publication. I'd also be interested to know how many of you found the example in the publication useful in considering your own countries efforts to strengthen subnational finance?
"A couple of weeks ago, UN Member States adopted the New Urban Agenda (NUA) at Habitat III in Quito as the new global framework for sustainable and transformative urban development. In the NUA sub-national and local governments are acknowledged as key players for sustainable development.
However, without adequate municipal finances, local governments especially in the poorest countries will not be able to provide vital public goods and services for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, and the NUA.
As you may know, the Financing for Development Office (UN-DESA) and UNCDF have been working on a joint project on municipal finance in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). In the context of this project, two expert group meetings were organized in Africa and Asia, as well as a series of side events in the context of the FfD follow-up and the Habitat III processes. We are currently working on the final publication of the project, which is scheduled to be published early next year. The publication will include conceptual discussions of the critical pillars of municipal finance, as well as a broad range of data and case studies from LDCs to emphasize good (and bad) experiences and practices. We hope the publication will be beneficial for local and central government officials as well as international aid organizations.
Furthermore, we firmly believe that the publication provides a unique opportunity to strengthen the role of local authorities in the FfD follow-up process.
We would like to tap on your extensive experience in this area and therefore invite your comments to the draft publication on our website
(http://www.un.org/esa/ffd/topics/inclusive-local-finance/municipal-finance.html) by 16 December 2016.
In particular, we are seeking feedback on any issues we have been missing, any mistakes we made, or additional case studies from LDCs that we should include. We would also like to hear from you your views on the role of international cooperation and the implementation of the respective commitment in paragraph 34 of the Addis Agenda."
PLEASE ALSO SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS ON THE TOPICS RAISED IN THIS UN PUBLICATION VIA THIS DISCUSSION BOARD. THANKS! I LOOK FORWARD TO HEARING FROM YOU....
Proposed Capital Projects vs. Proposed PPPs
I have been reviewing the CITY CREDITWORTHINESS SELF-ASSESSMENT & PLANNING TOOLKIT. In reading some of its action-items, I found that some action items use the expression "proposed capital projects and PPPs" whereas others simply refer to "proposed capital projects." For instance, Action Item 1 for Priority Challenge 19 (PC19-1) initially introduces a dualism between “capital projects” and “PPPs.” However, this dualism is missing in PC19-2, which simply refers to "proposals for capital projects". Does anyone else find this to be confusing?
It is true that two situations can arise. Capital projects are sometimes proposed by the Local Authority (and later delivered internally with public resources or through PPPs that are solicited through RFPs). However, private parties can also propose capital projects as PPPs through unsolicited proposals. Still, they are all "proposed capital projects" (the difference is in who is initiating the proposal public/solicited vs. private/unsolicited) until they are not selected to move forward through the CIP process defined as part of PC19-1. I would prefer the more generic approach followed by PC19-2, which is to define all projects at the onset as proposed capital projects.
I would love to hear from others on this topic.
Sub-National Public-Private Partnerships
Updates:
August 30, I have revised the draft to reflect comments that I received from Joshua Gallo and John Probyn. Please see the final version here. The revised key take away is below:
August 24: I have posted the draft report and summary of the main take-away under the Analysis section in bold. Please leave your comments and suggestions. Thank you.
Dear community members,
My name is Yao. I am a summer research analyst at the World Bank. I am doing a research project on sub-national public-private partnership projects to gauge its market size and market trends. I will use this discussion board to seek comments regarding the research and share the findings and any literatures that might be of interest to the community.
Research
The focus of the research is to generate a list of sub-national PPP projects and create a sub-national PPP Projects factsheet.
The most challenging task of the project was to obtain solid dataset on PPP projects at sub-national level. After looking around for readily available data on the subject without any success, I used the Private Participation in Infrastructure Database as an base and isolated sub-national projects based on the following criteria:
Keep those transactions that are labeled as local/municipal and state/provincial under the “GovtGrantingContract” between 2000 and 2015
Literature
Most of the literature that I have read so far are either country specific or sector specific. I have not seen any writing on public-private partnership at sub-national level. I post those literature such as PPP policy framework and PPP development of a particular sector below. Hopefully, those resources would be useful to others in the group. I also hope the group can share any literature on subject as well.
Mexico—Framework Conditions for Private Sector Participation in Water Infrastructure in Mexico
India: maintains a comprehensive database on PPP projects
https://infrastructureindia.gov.in/
Message was edited by: Yao Shi Uploaded the draft report on the subject and seek comment from the communities.
Lessons for Integrating Resilience Assessment and Infrastructure Planning
I am working to develop and implement tools that integrate climate change and disaster resilience into municipal decisions, infrastructure planning in particular. One of the challenges I see is the variation in data availability and integration of projected impacts into planning decisions (e.g. flooding, urban heat island, drought, etc.). Before any implementation measures can be developed, the data challenge must be addressed. Data needs must balance an evaluation of the resolution needed for planning decisions and readily available local biophysical and urban characteristics (topography, rain gage data, vegetation, population projections, building footprint, etc.) These data are as important as the availability of regionally-specific climate change impact projection (sea level rise, temperature, precipitation, etc.).
There are potential solutions to these challenges, but it seems that they must be tailored based on context. I would like to discuss with any of you interested in this topic or who may have ideas or questions. I would like to work towards development of approaches that allow for implementation anywhere.